linux命令之pip命令

一、命令简介

  pip 是 Python 包管理工具，该工具提供了对Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载的功能。目前如果你在 python.org 下载最新版本的安装包，则是已经自带了该工具。Python 2.7.9 + 或 Python 3.4+ 以上版本都自带 pip 工具。

二、pip命令安装

早先python版本未自带pip工具，需要手动安装。

[root@centos7 ~]# python -V
Python 2.7.5
[root@centos7 ~]# pip -V
-bash: pip: 未找到命令

安装步骤如下：

[root@centos7 ~]# curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1863k 100 1863k 0 0 516k 0 0:00:03 0:00:03 --:–:-- 516k
[root@centos7 ~]# ll
总用量 1868
-rw-------. 1 root root 1420 5月 8 00:12 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r–r--. 1 root root 1908226 5月 18 17:31 get-pip.py
[root@centos7 ~]# python get-pip.py
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.
Collecting pip<21.0
Downloading pip-20.3.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 222 kB/s
Collecting setuptools<45
Downloading setuptools-44.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (583 kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 583 kB 3.1 MB/s
Collecting wheel
Downloading wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
Installing collected packages: pip, setuptools, wheel
Successfully installed pip-20.3.4 setuptools-44.1.1 wheel-0.36.2

检查安装的pip命令版本

[root@centos7 ~]# pip -V
pip 20.3.4 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

三、使用示例

1、查看pip版本

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip -V
pip 21.0.1 from /home/sun/anaconda3/envs/website/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)

2、获取命令帮助

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip -V
pip 21.0.1 from /home/sun/anaconda3/envs/website/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)
(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip --help

Usage:
pip <command> [options]

Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.

3、安装软件包最新版

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip install flask
Collecting flask
Downloading Flask-2.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (93 kB)
…
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Werkzeug, Jinja2, itsdangerous, click, flask
Successfully installed Jinja2-3.0.1 MarkupSafe-2.0.1 Werkzeug-2.0.1 click-8.0.0 flask-2.0.0 itsdangerous-2.0.1

4、安装软件包指定版本

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip install django==3.2.1
…
Installing collected packages: django
Attempting uninstall: django
Found existing installation: Django 3.2.3
Uninstalling Django-3.2.3:
Successfully uninstalled Django-3.2.3
Successfully installed django-3.2.1

5、升级软件包

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip install --upgrade django
Requirement already satisfied: django in
…
Attempting uninstall: django
Found existing installation: Django 3.2.1
Uninstalling Django-3.2.1:
Successfully uninstalled Django-3.2.1
Successfully installed django-3.2.3

6、卸载软件包

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip uninstall flask
Found existing installation: Flask 2.0.0
Uninstalling Flask-2.0.0:
Would remove:
/home/sun/anaconda3/envs/website/bin/flask
/home/sun/anaconda3/envs/website/lib/python3.9/site-packages/Flask-2.0.0.dist-info/*
/home/sun/anaconda3/envs/website/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/*
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled Flask-2.0.0

7、升级pip

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip install -U pip
Requirement already satisfied: pip in ./envs/website/lib/python3.9/site-packages (21.0.1)
Collecting pip
Downloading pip-21.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 591 kB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
Attempting uninstall: pip
Found existing installation: pip 21.0.1
Uninstalling pip-21.0.1:
Successfully uninstalled pip-21.0.1
Successfully installed pip-21.1.1

8、查看可升级的包

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip list -o
Package Version Latest Type
---------- ------------------- ------ -----
setuptools 52.0.0.post20210125 56.2.0 wheel

9、显示安装包信息

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip show django
Name: Django
Version: 3.2.3
Summary: A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
Home-page: https://www.djangoproject.com/
Author: Django Software Foundation
Author-email: foundation@djangoproject.com
License: BSD-3-Clause
Location: /home/sun/anaconda3/envs/website/lib/python3.9/site-packages
Requires: sqlparse, asgiref, pytz
Required-by:
如果需要更详细信息使用pip show -f

10、列出已安装的包

(website) [sun@sun-site anaconda3]$ pip list
Package Version
------------ -------------------
asgiref 3.3.4
certifi 2020.12.5
click 8.0.0
Django 3.2.3
itsdangerous 2.0.1
Jinja2 3.0.1
MarkupSafe 2.0.1
pip 21.1.1
pytz 2021.1
setuptools 52.0.0.post20210125
sqlparse 0.4.1
Werkzeug 2.0.1
wheel 0.36.2

四、使用语法及参数说明

1、使用语法

用法：pip [options]

2、命令说明

3、参数说明